High Court Asks Government to action Traffic-Free Cubbon Park - #HeritageBeku writes to CS

The Hon High Court passed orders on 22nd Oct 2020 the PIL by the CPWA as per the attachment below.

"we can only direct the respondents to consider the recommendation dated  02.09.2020 at Annexure B in its proper perspective and  in accordance with law, as expeditiously as possible and  within a period of six weeks from today. "

Heritage Beku , who has been working relentlessly on this issue of #TrafficFreeCubbonPark, has vide this letter (emailed) below, immediate escalated it to the Chief Secretary (and concerned respondents) to take necessary action to ban traffic within the given 6 weeks ie 7th December 2020.

7/11/2020

The Chief Secretary

Government of Karnataka

Vidhana Soudha

Bangalore-560001

Dear Sir:

Re: Your kind action on the Order dated October 22, 2020 passed by the High Court of Karnataka in Writ Petition No.10949/2020

As the matter has been referred to you to action as per law, we look forward to your orders and confirmation on traffic free status for Cubbon Park.

The captioned Writ Petition bearing No.10949/2020 was filed by the Cubbon Park Walkers Association against: (1) the State of Karnataka represented by the Chief Secretary; (2) the Home Secretary, Home Department, Government of Karnataka; (3) the Additional Chief Secretary, Urban Development Department; (4) the Directorate of Urban Land Transport, Urban Development Department; (5) the Principal Secretary, Department of Horticulture; and (6) the Deputy Director of Horticulture (Cubbon Park).

After hearing the Parties, the High Court of Karnataka disposed of the captioned Writ Petition by calling upon the Respondents to consider the recommendation dated 02/09/2020 made by the Additional Chief Secretary, Urban Development Department, in its proper perspective and in accordance with law, within a period of six (6) weeks from October 22, 2020.

The recommendations dated 02/09/2020 bearing No.DULT-ITTB0GUPO/1/2020/390 issued by Ms. Manjula V., Additional Chief Secretary to the Government, Commissioner & E/o of the Directorate of Urban Land Transport ("DULT"), Urban Development Department, state as follows:

1) A reference has been made to the earlier communication dated 02/07/2020 whereby DULT had recommended that Cubbon Park be closed for all traffic except cyclists and pedestrians.

2) DULT has advised that it is not advisable to reopen Cubbon Park for motorised traffic and that Cubbon Park should be closed for motorised traffic and parking of motorised vehicles should not be allowed in Cubbon Park, for the following reasons:

a. Cubbon Park is a vast green space in the city and its pristine nature needs to be preserved.

b. In various cities across the world, spaces in the city core are being reclaimed for the use of pedestrians and cyclists. Cubbon Park would be an ideal place to be reserved for pedestrians and cyclists in Bengaluru. Pedestrians and cyclists can use the park as a shortcut for reaching their destination.

c. Closing of Cubbon Park to the use of motorised traffic will not cause any inconvenience as motorised traffic has alternate routes to reach their destinations.

We request you to consider the recommendations made by the Additional Chief Secretary to the Government, Commissioner & E/o of DULT and implement them expeditiously and save the lung space of the city from traffic and pollution. We also request you to consider the fact that children and elderly citizens are finding it difficult to use the park for fear of being run over traffic. Further it should be noted that the United Nations has recommended saving every remaining biodiversity ecosphere in order to counter climate change and build a safer planet for future generations. As a progressive city, Bengaluru should lead by example and this process of saving biodiversity should begin with Cubbon Park.

We are confident that you will take the right action and ensure that parking of vehicles and entry of motor vehicles inside Cubbon Park is prohibited in total.

For Heritage Beku,

Priya Chetty Rajagopal

CC:

1) The Home Secretary

Home Department

Government of Karnataka

Vidhana Soudha

Bangalore-560001

2) The Additional Chief Secretary

Urban Development Department

Vikasa Soudha

Bangalore-560001

(Represented by its Director)

3) The Directorate of Urban Land Transport

Urban Development Department

Vikasa Soudha

Bangalore-560001

(Represented by its Director)

4) The Principal Secretary

The Department of Horticulture

Government of Karnataka

Bangalore-560001

5) The Deputy Director of Horticulture

(Cubbon Park)

Government of Karnataka

Cubbon Park

Bangalore-560001

---

#HeritageBeku High Court Orders on 22 Oc.

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DULT 2:9 letter re Traffic Free Cubbon P.

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DULT 2:7 letter re Traffic Free Cubbon P.

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Cubbon Park—Bengaluru's Soul Space

Cubbon Park has never been a space, it has always been a part of our city’s soul — and when we speak about any changes to Cubbon Park, we speak with that soul ... This is the commons that is available to everyone irrespective of any background; this is a common space that gives us not only the oxygen to breathe, but the oxygen for our minds and souls to take a deep breath and rejuvenate in the beauty of nature, celebrate its flora and fauna. So wrote Heritage Beku’s founder Priya Chetty Rajagopal earlier this year (Opinion, New Indian Express, February 2020).

Ever since the lockdown began in March this year, vehicular traffic was banned inside Cubbon Park. What flourished were: tree cover, heritage preservation, air quality, biodiversity and room for health and recreation. This was the reason for fighting to keep one of Bengaluru’s largest public lung space—an incredible 197 acres of unspoiled nature in the heart of the city—permanently free from traffic and other pollution.

On June 30, in a favorable response to the overwhelming support among citizens for keeping the park traffic-free after lockdown restrictions were eased, the BBMP Council passed a resolution that was unanimous, representing all 198 wards of Bengaluru. It proposed a complete ban on vehicular movement and parking inside Cubbon Park, except for bicycles and electric vehicles. The same day, the BBMP council also asked the commissioner, B H Anil Kumar, to send a proposal to the government.

Heritage Beku, a prime mover in the citizens’ call to action to keep Cubbon Park green, pristine and pollution-free, had reason to hope. The park seemed to have been saved, at least for now.

The blow came when a rollback on the BBMP decision on 22 August 2020 was put into effect without warning or public consultation. The Bengaluru Coordination Committee (a committee of experts advising the state government on urban development policies) announced their intention to allow vehicular traffic once again, beginning 24 August 2020.

Heritage Beku swung into action. In a letter dated 22 August 2020, Priya Chetty Rajagopal wrote to Karnataka’s Chief Secretary T M Vijay Bhaskar: “ … We were surprised to hear today that Bengaluru Coordination Committee plans to reintroduce traffic back into Cubbon Park this Monday, thereby putting an end to the current ecological status, and the painstaking build-up of the precious environment and air quality of Cubbon Park in the last five months.”

“We finally had a chance to see Cubbon Park at its pristine, aesthetic and environmental best, just like the traffic-free Lalbagh is. Now that we have seen and experienced how it benefited the park, it is a shame that our system chooses to roll back progress and good environmental practice by taking the easy route of infecting Cubbon Park with vehicles again.” The letter emphasized that when they made the appeal for a traffic-free Cubbon Park, the group had done so after consulting experts, evaluating the environmental cost, and taking note of traffic impact. “We have done our homework,” said Chetty Rajagopal, “It’s not a whimsical ask.”

Photo: T R Raghunandan

In fact, the idea of keeping Cubbon Park traffic-free had the support of Karnataka Horticulture Minister K C Narayana Gowda. According to Gowda, the park falls under the purview of the Karnataka Government Gardens (Conservation) Act, 1975. "Environmental lovers have been urging to cut off traffic at Cubbon Park in the heart of the capital. Cubbon Park is also under the purview of the Karnataka Government Gardens (Conservation) Act, 1975. This is why it is essential to ban traffic on 197 acres of land, realizing that it is a supplement to the development of the park," read his official statement.

Another strong and important voice in support of Heritage Beku’s position was that of V Manjula, Commissioner of the Directorate of Urban Land Transport ( DULT). In a letter to Horticulture and Sericulture Secretary, Rajendra Kumar Kataria, dated 2 July 2020, she had written: DULT recommends that the park be permanently closed for traffic as there are alternate routes available for motorized traffic to go toward the south of the city without passing through the park.

Heritage Beku appealed to citizens to step up. And they did: residents, experts, environmentalists, heritage preservationists, and all those who loved the park. An online petition at change.org took off, and would eventually cross 2500 signatures. The voices raised in response were impassioned and cut a broad swathe through Bengaluru’s civil society.

Quote posters: Supriya Unni Nair

The park was to open at 9:00 in the morning on 24 August 2020. By 6:30 that morning, a group of citizens were gathering at the entrance to Cubbon Park. They encased the large iron lock on the gate in a transparent silk organza bag, a beautiful symbol of their concern over the fragility of the park environment, and the strength of their determination to protect it.

Later that morning, an update from the Horticulture Secretary reached the group at the gates of the park. Given the depth of citizen and media concern, he would stay the orders, although temporarily. Chief Minister B S Yediyurappa, however, would make the final call.

“Glad to hear that the horticultural secretary, the BBMP Commissioner as well as several ministers were positive about this and supported this excellent move to keep Cubbon Park pristine and pollution-free,” wrote Heritage Beku’s Chetty Rajagopal in her letter to Chief Secretary T M Vijay Bhaskar.

The final decision was only deferred for now. Although there was again reason to hope, the work of the group was not done. Heritage Beku kept up the pressure.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z9mchAnZBHg

As always, the group embraced the principles of collaboration and cooperation, dependence on expertise and inclusion of a broad range of views and perspectives.

Quote posters: Supriya Unni Nair

Since one of the main issues seemed to be the redirecting of traffic and the viability of alternative routes, Heritage Beku reached out to traffic experts, the Traffic Police, and —once again — to DULT).

V Manjula, DULT Commissioner who had once before written in support of Heritage Beku’s position,wrote a follow-up letter to Horticulture Secretary Kataria. In a letter dated 2 September 2020, she wrote: “Cubbon Park is a vast green space in the heart of the city and its pristine nature needs to be preserved. In various cities across the world, spaces in the city core are being reclaimed for the use of pedestrians and cyclists. Cubbon Park would be an ideal place to be reserved for pedestrians and cyclists in Bengaluru."

Her letter closed by reiterating the directorate’s recommendation of a ban, not only on motorized vehicles but also parking. Her voice of support for Heritage Beku was a crucial one at this point.

Heritage Beku member Rajkumar Dugar, (also Founder and Convenor, Citizens for Citizens), developed a traffic impact analysis, the results of which were revealing. Using Google Maps, and mapping four specific routes through the park, Dugar made a comparison of traffic impact when cars used these most common routes versus finding alternative routes. The greatest traffic load through the park was borne by three roads, one from K R Circle to the Kasturba Road – Vittal Mallya Road junction, another from this junction to GPO Circle and a third from Indian Express side to the junction side. According to Dugar: “One has to travel an average additional distance of only 335m to bypass the park.”

Dugar's study established the following: The maximum impact on routes was an additional 650 meters, and the minimum, zero. The maximum additional driving time was two minutes. In effect, the only “sacrifice” required of motorists is an average of 335 meters and two minutes, for which we are putting the whole of Cubbon Park – its beauty, biodiversity and clean air – at risk. (Video with details of the analysis available here).

Traffic Impact Analysis Map: Rajkumar Dugar

In early September Heritage Beku used the support of concerned citizens to form a volunteer Traffic Survey group. With the help of Professor Ashish Verma (Associate Professor, Transportation Systems Engineering, IISc, as well as training by DULT, the group conducted a three-day on-the-ground survey to get the pulse of traffic issues as they arose.

On 2 September 2020 another group, spearheaded by Rajkumar Dugar, went to meet the Home Minister Basavaraj Bommai. Later that week, Bommai as well as Revenue Minister R Ashoka made statements in favor of keeping the park traffic-free.

The support from government officials, Home and Revenue ministers, city council members, urban transportation experts, environmentalists, walkers, joggers and citizens of Bengaluru notwithstanding, the final decision on Cubbon Park went against its protection and survival as lung space. It is not clear why. On September 8, the city’s Disaster Management Authority made the official announcement that Cubbon Park would reopen for traffic. The decision was taken at a meeting chaired by the Chief Secretary.

In the wake of this decision came Professor Verma’s technical report, released on 10 September 2020, clearly showing that travelling through the park did not add to any traffic flow improvement.

Directly refuting a survey by the Traffic Police, claiming that closing the park to traffic would result in traffic snarls, Verma's report said: “Allowing vehicles inside does not help in decongestion. Before Covid-19, when there was no ban, the adjoining roads were all congested. The only way to decongest is to promote public transport and reduce private transport.” Verma suggested improving public transport, last-mile connectivity and localized transport (such as bike sharing) for those travelling to offices located inside the park. As part of his findings, he showed a net reduction in the Vehicle Kilometres Travelled (VKT) and emissions if the ban is enforced. (See Verma’s meticulously researched report Traffic Impact Analysis of Closing Cubbon Park in the blog post, dated 10 September 2020.) As for the directive to reopen the park for motorised vehicles, the study took a firm position: There was no net gain – not for commuters nor for the public in the park, and certainly not for the environment. So why do it?

Why indeed?

The fight isn’t over yet. The IISc study had proposed a survey of the park that could look at finding ways to boost the last mile connectivity from the nearby Metro stations and bus stops. As proposed by the study, DULT and volunteer citizen groups are now gearing up to conduct such a survey.

Whether or not all these various efforts will one day end in saving the park, says Priya Chetty Rajagopal, they remain a testament to how much force could be exerted simply by citizens stepping up. In the end (in her words) it was a campaign of love, ache, intelligence, good minds, belief and collaboration.

In sadness, she spoke for all those who supported the campaign: Of the people said yes, By the people said yes, For the people said yes. But the Government still said no.

But we are not alone. We stand with all 10,000 trees in the park, thousands of birds, butterflies and different species. …

https://video.wixstatic.com/video/2cb9ca_0e02408300184ee391a8d6cfd1ae8d8e/360p/mp4/file.mp4

Video: Suresh Jayaram

Traffic Impact Analysis on Closing Cubbon Park - Prof Ashish Verma IISc

TECHNICAL ARTICLE by Prof Ashish Verma IISC ..

IISc_Cubbon Park_no-traffic_Report_final.

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Traffic Impact Analysis of Closing Cubbon Park for all motorized vehicles in Bengaluru City

by Prof. Dr. Ashish Verma Associate Professor, Transportation Systems Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12

&

President, Transportation Research Group of India (TRG),

E-mail: ashishv@iisc.ac.in

Ms. Hemanthini Allirani*

Mr. Harsha Vajjarapu*

*Research Scholar, Transportation Systems Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12

E-mail: hemanthiniar@iisc.ac.in, vajjarapuh@iisc.ac.in

1. Background

Cubbon park (Figure-1) is a landmark lung space in the heart of Bengaluru City, spread over an area of about 300 acres and is also a vibrant ecological zone. From the point of view of Quality of Life (QoL) or Liveability of the city such green spaces are extremely important for people across all walks of life. Rich and poor alike, such parks provide valuable spaces to socialize, breathe fresh and clean air, and live a healthy life, in fast motorizing and urbanizing city like Bengaluru.

Considering the importance of the park, many citizen groups and other stakeholders in the city have been requesting for complete ban of motorized vehicles in the Cubbon park. Off course, there are several examples across the world like, Central Park in New York, where city authorities have completely banned motorized traffic to preserve such lung spaces and improve QoL of their city. It is therefore important to view such measures in a holistic manner.

2. Aim & Methodology of this Study

The aim of this technical article is to understand the traffic impact; in terms of V/C (Volume to Capacity Ratio of the roads), total vehicle kilometres travelled (VKT) by all motorized modes, and vehicular emissions (CO2 & PM2.5) over the whole Bangalore Metropolitan Region (BMR) network, due to the closure of Cubbon park to motorized vehicles. The research methodology used for this study is shown in Figure-2. Since, Cubbon park is located in the Central Business District (CBD), a large number of Origin-Destination (OD) trips in the city would get impacted, in terms of change in route choice, due to closure of Cubbon park for motorized traffic and therefore, it is prudent to assess its impact over the BMR network rather than just on the local roads and network in the vicinity of Cubbon park, to get a holistic picture of the traffic impact and associated exhaust emissions.

A conventional macro-simulation framework in terms of four-stage Travel Demand Modelling (TDM) is adopted for the travel demand forecasts and scenario evaluation. The calibrated travel demand model for BMR utilized for forecasting is obtained from the CLIMATRANS project

10th September 2020 Prof. Dr. Ashish Verma IISc Bengaluru

report ‘Sustainable Transport Measures for Liveable Bengaluru by Verma et. al. Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore’.

The two scenarios considered for the analysis in this study are described below:

• Business as Usual Scenario (BAU) – 2020 Scenario without closing the Cubbon park to traffic, with traffic at pre-COVID-19 level.

• Cubbon Park No Traffic Scenario (CPNT) – 2020 Scenario where the Cubbon park is closed for traffic (all motorized vehicles), with traffic at pre-COVID-19 level.

The estimated modal share for the year 2020 is represented in Figure 3.

Figure-1: Cubbon Park, Bengaluru, India (Source: Google)

2

10th September 2020 Prof. Dr. Ashish Verma IISc Bengaluru

START

Step 2: Scenario Formulation

3

Step 3: BAU Scenario

Step 3: Cubbon Park No Traffic Scenario

Step 4: Scenario Analysis

Step 5: Appraisal of Strategies

END

Emissions

Figure-2: The Research Methodology

Travel Demand Modeling

Socio economic trends. Transport trends. Transport sector emissions

Step 1: Setting Baseline and Setting Target level for sustainable transportation

Transport Demand

Step 6: Traffic Impact Assessment & Recommendations

MODE SHARE IN % FOR THE YEAR 2020

2.6 12.4 9.2 6.4

23.1

3.5

Car Two-Wheeler Auto

Bus

Metro

Cycle

Walk

42.8

Figure 3. Model Estimated Modal Share for the year 2020

10th September 2020 Prof. Dr. Ashish Verma IISc Bengaluru

The Origin-Destination (OD) trips in the whole BMR are assigned to the road network using User Equilibrium Trip Assignment method and Vehicle kilometres travelled (VKT), Volume on links and volume/capacity ratio (V/C) are estimated. Under the User Equilibrium traffic assignment condition every user (in other words, traveller) choses route that minimizes his/her individual travel time or distance and will only increase it if they decide to change their path. Under the Cubbon park traffic ban scenario, many OD trip pairs will adjust their chosen route in such a way that the User Equilibrium state is reached again. This will then lead to changes in the traffic impact parameters that we are considering to study. While we also considered the impact on mode choice due to closure of Cubbon park for motorized traffic, the model estimates did not find any noticeable change in the current mode share, based on the current supply and state of different alternative modes like, public transport, walking, and cycling etc.

3. Result and Analysis

Figure-4 shows the total model estimated Vehicles kilometres travelled (VKT) under the two scenarios (BAU and CPNT). Also, Figure 5A and 5B shows the trip assignment result over the BMR network (darker links depicting higher congestion) under the BAU and CPNT scenario, respectively. From the results, it is very interesting to note that the Cubbon Park No-Traffic Scenario (CPNT) is actually resulting in the reduction in the total VKT over BMR network by 0.44% (from 32.08 million km per day in BAU to 31.94 million km per day in CPNT). The main reasons for such result could be that; in the revised user equilibrium under CPNT the travellers are re-adjusting their routes in a such a manner that it is resulting in overall reduction in the total VKT. This also means that in the BAU scenario when Cubbon park is open for traffic, some travellers who are passing through Cubbon park, end up taking longer route between their OD pair with the perception of avoiding traffic outside Cubbon park, which will then also result in higher total exhaust emissions from vehicles over the whole BMR network.

10th September 2020 Prof. Dr. Ashish Verma IISc Bengaluru

4

Figure 4. Total Vehicle Kilometres Travelled in 2020 for BAU and CPNT Scenarios

5

TOTAL VKT IN MILLION KM PER DAY FOR THE YEAR 2020

0.44 %

BUSINESS AS USUAL (BAU) CUBBON PARK NO TRAFFIC SCENARIO (CPNT) SCENARIO

Figure 5A. Trip Assignment of Vehicles in 2020 for BAU Scenario

10th September 2020 Prof. Dr. Ashish Verma IISc Bengaluru

31.94

32.08

6

Figure 5B. Trip Assignment of Vehicles in 2020 for CPNT Scenario

To understand the traffic impact on the roads in the immediate vicinity of Cubbon park, the critical links on these adjoining roads around Cubbon Park were chosen to check the change in V/C for two scenarios. The same is shown in Table 1.

Table 1: V/C estimates in and around Cubbon Park

Location

Cubbon park road Dr. Ambedkar road Nrupathunga road Kasturba road

CK Jaffer Sharief road Raj Bhavan road

V/C (Year 2020)

BAU CPNT

1.54 NA 1.97 2.01 1.68 1.83 2.19 2.16

1.7 1.84 2.35 2.64

From Table-1, it can be seen that the chosen roads are functioning at the worst Level of Service (LOS) “F” i.e. V/C ratio greater than 1, even under the BAU scenario. Further, it can be seen from the table that the CPNT scenario will result in incremental increase in the V/C ratio on all roads, except Kasturba Road which will see a slight decrease, which means that there is no major impact of traffic ban inside Cubbon park on these adjoining roads and they continue to function at worst LOS “F”. In other words, there is no substantial reduction in traffic or improvement in V/C ratio and LOS on these adjoining roads even if allow Cubbon park to be opened for traffic. On the contrary, as indicated in Figure-4, the CNPT scenario will result in net reduction in VKT over the whole BMR.

Further this article tries to estimate the total exhaust emissions of CO2 (Figure 6A & 6B) and PM2.5 (Figure 7A & 7B) under each of the two scenarios. The emission factors are estimated

10th September 2020 Prof. Dr. Ashish Verma IISc Bengaluru

by Sharma et.al. 2018 based on World Energy Outlook report by IEA, 2015 and are reported in CLIMATRANS project report.

Figure 6A. Total CO2 Emissions (Tonnes/Day) in 2020 for BAU and CPNT Scenarios

7

TOTAL CO2 EMISSIONS IN TONNES/DAY FOR THE YEAR 2020

0.32 %

BUSINESS AS USUAL (BAU) CUBBON PARK NO TRAFFIC SCENARIO (CPNT) SCENARIO

TOTAL PERCAPITA CO2 EMISSIONS IN KILO TONNES/DAY FOR THE YEAR 2020

0.59 %

BUSINESS AS USUAL (BAU) CUBBON PARK NO TRAFFIC SCENARIO (CPNT) SCENARIO

Figure 6B. Total Percapita CO2 Emissions (Kilo tonnes/Day) in 2020 for BAU and CPNT Scenarios

10th September 2020 Prof. Dr. Ashish Verma IISc Bengaluru

0.875187

3052.73

0.880347 3062.43

8

TOTAL PM EMISSIONS IN TONNES/DAY FOR THE YEAR 2020

0.40 %

BUSINESS AS USUAL (BAU) CUBBON PARK NO TRAFFIC SCENARIO (CPNT) SCENARIO

Figure 7A. Total PM2.5 Emissions (Tonnes/Day) in 2020 for BAU and CPNT Scenarios

TOTAL PERCAPITA PM EMISSIONS IN KILO TONNES/DAY FOR THE YEAR 2020

0.68 %

BUSINESS AS USUAL (BAU) CUBBON PARK NO TRAFFIC SCENARIO (CPNT) SCENARIO

Figure 7B. Total Percapita PM2.5 Emissions (Kilo tonnes/Day) in 2020 for BAU and CPNT Scenarios

It can be seen from Figure 6A & 6B, that under CPNT scenario (as compared to BAU), the CO2 emissions over the BMR network will reduce by 0.32% in total and 0.59% in per capita. Similarly, from Figure 7A & 7B, it can be seen that the PM2.5 emissions over the BMR network

10th September 2020 Prof. Dr. Ashish Verma IISc Bengaluru

0.0002047

0.7191

0.0002033 0.7162

will reduce by 0.41% in total and 1.33% in per capita under CPNT scenario. This shows that under the Cubbon park no traffic (CPNT) scenario there will be a net reduction in CO2 and PM2.5 as compared to when the traffic is allowed inside Cubbon park, which is due to net reduction in total VKT under the CPNT scenario.

4. Summary and Conclusions:

This technical article is an academic exercise done by the authors (not funded by any organization or individual) to assess the traffic and emission impact of banning motorized traffic through Cubbon park. The authors hope that this study will provide scientific decision support to the Govt. of Karnataka to take informed decision on such matters. The study uses a macro-simulation approach to understand these impacts over the whole BMR network by comparing Business as Usual (BAU) and Cubbon Park No Traffic (CPNT) scenario. The following are the main conclusions from the analysis of results: -

i.

ii.

i. ii.

iii.

5.

There will be a net reduction in total motorized VKT, under CPNT scenario, of 0.44% (from 32.08 million km per day in BAU to 31.94 million km per day in CPNT).

There is no substantial reduction in traffic or improvement in V/C ratio and LOS observed on the roads adjoining Cubbon park even if the park is opened for traffic. These adjoining roads will continue to function at worst LOS “F”. Therefore, opening of Cubbon park to traffic will not result in any noticeable gains on the roads surrounding it, whereas banning traffic through Cubbon park will help city preserve an important lung space and an ecologically sensitive area and will enable access to people across all walks of life to a socially vibrant and environment friendly space thereby improving the QoL of individuals.

Under the Cubbon park no traffic scenario (CPNT) there will be a net reduction in CO2 and PM2.5 emissions as compared to when the traffic is allowed inside Cubbon park (BAU).

Recommendations:

Based on the modelling results and its analysis, the closure of Cubbon park to motorized traffic will result in net benefits in terms of overall VKT and emissions and will also lead to preservation of an important green and ecological space for the well-being of people and improvement in their QoL. It is therefore, recommended to ban motorized traffic completely inside Cubbon park permanently.

The roads adjoining Cubbon park and elsewhere in CBD are already congested and functioning at worst LOS even if traffic is allowed inside Cubbon park. To mitigate this, the more permanent and sustainable measure is to strength and improve public transport (bus, metro etc.) network as well as LOS in the CBD area, which coupled with dis-incentivization of personal modes (cars and two wheelers) by measures like banning

10th September 2020 Prof. Dr. Ashish Verma IISc Bengaluru

9

traffic in Cubbon park, will induce mode shift towards more sustainable modes like

public transport, walking, and cycling.

iii. Further, local and low-cost traffic management measures (junction improvements, one-

way/two-way, traffic signal timings etc.) can be worked out for some immediate and

short-term relief in roads adjoining Cubbon park.

iv. Since, there are existing institutions/organizations functioning inside the Cubbon park,

banning traffic through park will result in some in-convenience to them in terms of commuting and accessibility. To mitigate these difficulties, the following are some recommendations:-

a. A survey can be done in each of the existing institutions/organizations functioning inside the Cubbon park, to map and cluster the OD of their employees and visitors, understanding which, targeted improvements in bus and metro services connectivity can be done to make it easy for them to use public transport to reach Cubbon park.

b. To improve the last mile connectivity to Cubbon park from nearby metro stations and bus stops, a service quality assessment of pedestrian and cycling facilities in and around Cubbon park can be done by DULT together with other concerned agencies. With the result of this assessment, targeted improvements in walking and cycling facilities can be done to improve last mile connectivity of public transport to Cubbon park (wider and good surface quality footpaths, cycles paths, cycle sharing systems with docking locations inside Cubbon park as well as nearby public transport stations and stops, electric micro-mobility options for last mile, electric rickshaws/carts inside Cubbon park to specially help elders and physically challenged etc.)

c. Based on feasibility and without impacting the ecology of Cubbon park, underground parking with very limited capacity (say 1/3rd of existing parking demand) can be established at a convenient location for those still traveling by their own vehicles to reach Cubbon park. Providing only a limited parking capacity will ensure that we induce mode shift of majority of travellers coming to Cubbon park, towards public transport, walking and cycling.

v. A blueprint and long-term plan can be prepared to make Cubbon park a more socially vibrant space. Without impacting the environment and ecology of the park, the blue print can suggest ways to increase recreational activities and other forms of social engagements inside the park, which will also contribute to improvements in health and well being of people in the city.

Note

For the details of travel demand model and emission factors and specific solutions for Bengaluru on the above lines, please refer to the CLIMATRANS project report of IISc Bengaluru titled “Sustainable Transport Measures for Liveable Bengaluru”. The same can be downloaded from the link below: -

http://civil.iisc.ernet.in/~ashishv/CLIMATRANS/CLIMATRANS%20-%20Full%20Report%20- %20February%202019.pdf

10th September 2020 Prof. Dr. Ashish Verma IISc Bengaluru